![]() Approximately 80% of all captured cells are proximal and collecting tubule origin, which highlights the role of the renal tubular system in health and disease (Park et al, 2018). By using this revolutionary technique, the first scRNA-seq analysis in kidneys of C57BL/6 mouse is performed and has generated a comprehensive cell atlas and identified 19 distinct cell types from normal murine kidneys. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis can redefine cell types in tissues and identify the cell-type specific changes of gene expression (Tang et al, 2009 Macosko et al, 2015 Zheng et al, 2017). This urgent event requires us to reveal more accurate molecular mechanism of DKD to develop more efficacious treatment in this disease. Such approaches might show the delayed onset of renal failure, but many patients still progress to end-stage kidney failure (ESKF, also known as end-stage renal disease) despite optimal therapy with the current state of medical care (Thomas et al, 2015 Doshi & Friedman, 2017 Anders et al, 2018). Currently, intensive management of patients with DKD includes controlling blood glucose levels and blood pressure as well as blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). T2D is the leading cause of impaired kidney function, albuminuria, and renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation) worldwide, thus placing a large burden on health-care systems (Thomas et al, 2016, 2015 Doshi & Friedman, 2017). Diabetic kidney disease (DKD, previously named as diabetic nephropathy) is a microvascular complication and progresses gradually over many years in approximately 50% of patients who are T2D (Thomas et al, 2016). Of DM, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form (more than 90%) and characterized by insulin resistance and abnormalities in insulin production. According to the latest report from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 463 million adults (20–79 years) were living with diabetes in 2019, while this will rise to 700 million by 2045 ( ). ![]() Diabetes mellitus (DM) is approaching epidemic proportions globally.
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